ABSTRACT
This study is the first report on the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of fungal extracts isolated from marinesponge Dactylospongia sp., which is collected from Mandeh Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The isolation of fungalwas conducted using dilution method with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + chloramphenicol (0.05%) as a medium. Thepure isolated fungal was cultivated on rice medium at temperature 25°C–27°C and then extracted using ethyl acetatesolvent. The ethyl acetate extract of each isolated fungal was tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Ninefungal strains have been isolated from this sponge. Two ethyl acetate extracts of fungal strains (Dc03 and Dc04) werecategorized as having strong inhibition against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, methicillinresistant S. aureus, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a concentration of 5% with zone inhibitionin range of 12.31 ± 0.54–16.14 ± 0.75 mm. The cytotoxic activity screening of the ethyl acetate extracts of fungalstrains was done by using the brine shrimp lethality test. Four fungal strains had LC50 below 80 µg/ml (Dc03, Dc04,Dc05, and Dc08) and were further tested with MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)assay on T47D cell line. These selected fungi were identified molecularly as Cladosporium halotolerans MN859971,Penicillium citrinum MN859968, Aspergillus versicolor MN859970, and Aspergillus sydowii MN859969, respectively.The results suggest that these fungal strains are quite rich in the production of bioactive compounds that are veryeffective as antibacterial and cytotoxic agents
ABSTRACT
Ethyl acetate extracts of fungi-derived from the marine sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens were tested forcytotoxic activity against WiDr and Vero cell lines. Three of fungi extracts exhibited strong cytotoxicity with percentageof viability (≤50%) occurring at concentrations of 100 µg/ml. One isolate (IB141) showed specific cytotoxicityagainst WiDr cells whreas not against Vero cells. This isolate was identified based on molecular characterizationusing sequence analysis of the partial 18S rRNA gene. The result indicated that IB141 was identical to Aspergillusochraceus. A comparatively high part of positive bio-activity screening results were acquired in this study, displayingthat the fungi-derived from the marine sponge A. ingens have potential as a source of new anti-cancer agents.
ABSTRACT
@# Introduction: Cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) are satiety-stimulating hormones that are released during eating. As such, their levels may be used useful in obesity intervention. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal cutoff values, sensitivity and specificity of plasma CCK and PYY in adult men, in order to determine hormonal dysfunction in obesity. Methods: We investigated 16 obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥25.1)] and 16 normal weight (BMI 18.5–22.9) men. They ate isocaloric fast-food for breakfast. Blood for the determination of the hormones was collected at 0 (before), 30, 60, and 120 minutes after consumption. The data that was obtained were analysed using an independent t-test or the Mann– Whitney U-test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the trapezoidal rule analysis was performed to determine the area under the curve, to determine the optimal cut-off values, sensitivity and specificity. Results: In obese subjects, CCK was lower compared with normal weight subjects at any time (p<0.05). There were no major differences in PYY among subject groups. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the plasma CCK had an optimal cut-off of 6,310 pg/ ml at 120 minutes after eating, with 0.97 area under curve (AUC), sensitivity was 94%, and specificity was 94%. The cut-off for optimal PYY was an average of 294.5 pg/ml at 120 minutes after eating (AUC 0.74; sensitivity 75%; specificity 75%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the plasma CCK level is a better potential predictor of obesity and constantly decreased over time compared to PYY.